“Song of the lute” by Li Qi: Tang Dynasty Musical Poetry and Reflection

In the Tang Dynasty poem “琴歌” (Song of the Qin), attributed to the poet Li Qi, the verses capture a scene of conviviality and contemplation through the artistry of music and the beauty of nature.

The poem opens with the image of a host offering wine to guests, setting the stage for an evening of camaraderie and entertainment. The phrase “请奏鸣琴广陵客” (“Please play the qin, O guest from Guangling”) introduces the musician, invoking the cultural significance of the city of Guangling (modern-day Yangzhou in Jiangsu province), renowned for its association with the qin, a traditional Chinese musical instrument. The mention of the qin player underscores the importance of music in Tang Dynasty social gatherings, where it served not only as entertainment but also as a means of emotional expression and cultural refinement.

As the poem unfolds, the poet describes the moon shining over the city walls where crows hover in flight, painting a picture of a tranquil yet mysterious night. The line “霜凄万树风入衣” (“Frost chills, the wind pierces through a thousand trees”) imbues the scene with a sense of chilly solitude, evoking the poet’s sensitivity to the natural environment and its impact on human emotions.

Inside the banquet hall, “铜炉华烛烛增辉” (“Bronze braziers and splendid candles add brilliance”) illuminate the festivities, highlighting the opulence and warmth of the gathering. The musician begins by playing “渌水” (Clear River), followed by “楚妃” (Princess of Chu), both well-known melodies associated with the qin. These musical pieces not only entertain the guests but also evoke themes of nostalgia, elegance, and the passage of time, resonating deeply with the cultural and aesthetic sensibilities of the Tang Dynasty.

The poet’s observation that “一声已动物皆静，四座无言星欲稀” (“With a single note, all creatures fall silent; in the hall, no words are spoken, and the stars are about to fade”) underscores the mesmerizing effect of the music, capturing the attention of all present and creating a moment of profound stillness and contemplation. This moment reflects the power of art to transcend language and communicate directly to the soul, a sentiment that resonates across cultures and time periods.

The concluding lines “清淮奉使千余里，敢告云山从此始” (“With a mission to the clear waters of the Huai River a thousand miles away, I dare to announce my retreat to the cloudy mountains”) reveal the poet’s impending departure from the gathering. This farewell signifies not just a physical journey but also a metaphorical retreat from worldly affairs to seek solace and enlightenment in the mountains, a common theme in Chinese literati culture where reclusion symbolizes spiritual fulfillment and introspection.

For American readers, “琴歌” offers a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of Tang Dynasty poetry, characterized by its lyrical beauty, musicality, and profound philosophical underpinnings. Li Qi’s poetic mastery in blending natural imagery with musical motifs invites readers to appreciate the interconnectedness of art, nature, and human experience.

In conclusion, “琴歌” by Li Qi stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of Tang Dynasty poetry, showcasing its ability to capture fleeting moments of beauty, evoke deep emotions, and transcend cultural boundaries. Through its evocative imagery and timeless themes, this poem continues to resonate with readers, inviting them to explore the profound depths of the human spirit and the enduring power of artistic expression.