Sunset Scene in the Wei River Valley
Wang Wei’s poem “渭川田家 (Wèi Chuān Tián Jiā)” from the Tang Dynasty captures a serene rural scene at sunset in the Wei River Valley. The poem paints a tranquil picture of village life, highlighting the beauty of nature and the simplicity of rural existence during ancient times.
The poem begins with the line, “斜阳照墟落，穷巷牛羊归 (Xié yáng zhào xū luò, qióng xiàng niú yáng guī),” describing how the slanting rays of the setting sun illuminate the village and the narrow lanes where cattle and sheep return home. This imagery evokes a sense of peacefulness and harmony with nature, as the day draws to a close and the village settles into quietude.
In the village, the elderly villagers, referred to as “野老 (yě lǎo),” anxiously await the return of their young shepherds, or “牧童 (mù tóng),” who are responsible for grazing the livestock. They lean on their canes, “倚杖候荆扉 (yǐ zhàng hòu jīng fēi),” near the gates made of woven branches, eagerly anticipating the familiar sights and sounds of the returning animals and children.
Amidst the fields, the wild chickens continue to crow incessantly, “雉雊麦苗秀 (zhì gòu mài miáo xiù),” signaling the fertility and vitality of the wheat crops. Meanwhile, the silkworms lie dormant, “蚕眠桑叶稀 (cán mián sāng yè xī),” having spun their cocoons on the sparse mulberry leaves. These natural elements reflect the seasonal rhythms and agricultural activities typical of rural life.
As twilight deepens, the farmers return from their fields carrying their hoes, “田夫荷锄至 (tián fū hè chú zhì),” and chance encounters occur along the paths between the fields. They greet each other warmly, exchanging affectionate words and laughter, momentarily forgetting the toils of the day in their shared camaraderie.
The poet reflects on the scene with a sense of longing and admiration for the simplicity and leisure enjoyed by the villagers: “即此羡闲逸，怅然吟式微 (jí cǐ xiàn xián yì, chàng rán yín shì wēi).” The phrase “怅然吟式微 (chàng rán yín shì wēi)” refers to Wang Wei’s own poem d “式微,” expressing his melancholy contemplation on the transient nature of life and the passage of time.
For American readers, Wang Wei’s poem offers a glimpse into the rural life of ancient China, emphasizing the close connection between humans and nature, as well as the timeless themes of community, labor, and contemplation. The poem’s imagery and themes resonate with universal human experiences, inviting readers to reflect on the beauty of simplicity and the fleeting moments of tranquility amidst the bustle of life.
In conclusion, Wang Wei’s “渭川田家” stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of nature poetry and its ability to evoke deep emotions and contemplation across cultures. Its portrayal of rural life in ancient China offers valuable insights into the human condition and the timeless pursuit of harmony with the natural world. As readers engage with the poem, they are encouraged to appreciate the beauty of simplicity and the profound connections between humanity and the environment throughout history.