Confucian Wisdom on Action: Adaptation in Learning

Zilu asked, “When you hear it, do you act on it?” The Master said, “When your father and elder brothers are present, how can you hear it and act on it?” Ran You asked, “When you hear it, do you act on it?” The Master said, “When you hear it, you act on it.” Gongxi Hua said, “You asked, ‘When you hear it, do you act on it?’ The Master said, ‘When your father and elder brothers are present.’ Qiu You asked, ‘When you hear it, do you act on it?’ The Master said, ‘When you hear it, you act on it. Zilu asked, “If you hear it, do you act on it?” Confucius said, “If you have your father and elder brother with you, how can you act on it when you hear it?” Ran You asked, “If you hear it, do you act on it?” Confucius said, “When you hear it, you act on it.” Gongxi Hua said, “Zhong You asked, ‘When you hear it, do you act on it?’ You answered, ‘When your father and elder brother are alive,’ and then Ran Qiu asked, ‘When you hear it, do you act on it?’ You answered, ‘When you hear it, you act on it.’ I am confused, so I dare to ask again.” Confucius said, “Ran Qiu always retreats, so I encourage him; Zhong You is brave, so I restrain him.”

Commentary

This is a specific example of Confucius’s practice of the doctrine of the mean in education. Here, he tells his students not to retreat, not to advance too far, and to advance and retreat in moderation. Therefore, for the same question, Confucius gave different answers to Zilu and Ranqiu’s different situations. At the same time, it vividly reflects a characteristic of Confucius’s teaching method, namely, teaching students according to their aptitude. Original text

In a thought-provoking dialogue, Confucius addresses the importance of adapting one’s actions based on individual circumstances. This conversation reveals his nuanced approach to teaching, emphasizing the need for flexibility in how one applies learned principles.

The Dialogue:

Zi Lu asked Confucius, “Should one act upon what one hears?” Confucius responded, “When one has parents and older siblings present, how can one simply act upon what one hears?” This response suggests that in the presence of family, one should consider their guidance and not act impulsively based solely on what is heard.

Next, Ran You asked the same question: “Should one act upon what one hears?” To him, Confucius replied, “Yes, one should act upon what one hears.” This answer indicates that, in certain situations, acting promptly based on knowledge is appropriate.

Gongxi Hua then expressed confusion, pointing out that Confucius had given different answers to Zi Lu and Ran You. He asked for clarification. Confucius explained, “Ran You tends to be cautious, so I encouraged him to act more decisively. Zi Lu, on the other hand, is overly bold, so I advised him to be more restrained.”

Analysis:

This exchange highlights Confucius’s commitment to the principle of moderation, a core aspect of his teachings. By tailoring his advice to the individual characteristics of his students, he demonstrates a practical application of the idea that one should neither be too hesitant nor excessively daring. This method, known as “teaching according to the student’s ability,” reflects Confucius’s adaptability and deep understanding of human nature.

Confucius’s response underscores a critical aspect of his educational philosophy: flexibility. The way he adjusts his guidance based on each student’s traits shows a profound recognition of individual differences. This approach not only respects the unique circumstances of each learner but also fosters a more effective and personalized educational experience.

By following Confucius’s example, educators and individuals alike can appreciate the importance of adapting strategies to fit specific needs, balancing between action and reflection, and ultimately achieving a harmonious and well-rounded approach to learning and personal growth.