Confucius’ Leisurely Days: A Glimpse into Classical Chinese Serenity

7·4 Zi zhi yan ju (1), shen shen (2) ru ye; yao yao (3) ru ye.

[Annotation]

(1) Yan Ju: living in peace, at home, at leisure.

(2) Shen shen: well-dressed and well-groomed.

(3) Yao yao: slow-moving, gentle and relaxed.

Translation

When Confucius was at home, he was well-dressed and well-groomed, and his manner was gentle and relaxed.

Confucius, one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history, is often associated with profound teachings and a disciplined life. However, there is a lesser-known aspect of his life that offers a unique insight into classical Chinese notions of serenity and self-cultivation. In his moments of leisure, Confucius exemplified an ideal state of tranquility and refinement, reflecting the broader cultural values of his time.

During his periods of leisure, or what is referred to as “燕居” (yan ju), Confucius was known for maintaining a serene and composed demeanor. The term “燕居” translates to “living in peace” or “residing comfortably,” indicating a state where one is at ease within their own space. This period of leisure was not simply about idleness but about a deliberate cultivation of inner peace and personal refinement.

Confucius’ appearance during these times was notably meticulous. He was always seen in “申申” (shen shen) attire, meaning his clothing and demeanor were impeccably tidy and orderly. This reflects a cultural value in ancient China that emphasized the importance of external presentation as a reflection of internal virtue. The careful attention to dress and appearance was more than just a personal preference; it was a manifestation of one’s inner discipline and respect for societal norms.

Furthermore, Confucius’ mannerisms were described as “夭夭” (yao yao), which conveys a sense of calm and measured grace. The term suggests a deliberate, unhurried approach to life, marked by gentle and dignified behavior. This portrayal of Confucius highlights a cultural ideal where even in leisure, one’s actions are infused with grace and thoughtfulness.

In essence, Confucius’ leisurely days offer a window into the classical Chinese ideal of living a balanced and cultivated life. It underscores the importance of harmony between one’s external presentation and internal state, as well as the value placed on a serene and thoughtful approach to life. For modern readers, this glimpse into Confucius’ life serves as a reminder of the timeless principles of personal refinement and inner peace that continue to resonate across cultures.

This ideal of serene living is not merely historical but continues to influence contemporary practices in personal development and lifestyle. Understanding these cultural nuances offers valuable insights into how historical figures like Confucius shaped and were shaped by the cultural values of their time, providing a rich context for appreciating classical Chinese philosophy and its relevance today.