Confucius on Avoiding Superstition and Violence: Key Teachings for Modern Ethics

7·21 The Master did not speak of strange things, strength, disorder, or gods.

[Translation]

Confucius does not talk about the strange, violence, chaos, and ghosts and gods.

[Commentary]

Confucius vigorously advocated moral concepts such as “benevolence” and “righteousness,” and from the Analects, it is rare to see Confucius talk about the strange, violence, chaos, ghosts and gods, such as his “respect for ghosts and gods and keeping them at a distance.” But it is not absolute. When he occasionally talks about these issues, it is conditional and has a specific context.

The Importance of Focused Morality

Confucius’s approach reveals much about his philosophy. By choosing not to engage with supernatural phenomena or violent upheavals, he reinforced the importance of focusing on actionable, ethical behavior. His teachings on “ren” (仁, benevolence) and “li” (礼, propriety) are central to his philosophy. These concepts prioritize the cultivation of virtue and proper conduct in social interactions, leaving little room for discussions on ghosts, deities, or chaos.

Why Avoid Superstition and Violence?

Confucius’s avoidance of these topics was strategic. Superstition and violence often distract from the pursuit of moral improvement and societal harmony. By steering clear of such subjects, Confucius aimed to keep his followers focused on practical ethics and personal development. His emphasis on “ren” and “li” provided a clear, actionable path for personal and social betterment, encouraging individuals to lead lives marked by integrity and respect.

Contextual Considerations

While Confucius generally avoided discussing the supernatural, he was not completely dismissive of such topics. When he did address them, it was typically within specific contexts, often as a means to illustrate broader principles. For example, he advocated a respectful distance from spirits and gods, suggesting that while they should be acknowledged, they should not overshadow the importance of human-centered virtues.

Modern Relevance

Confucius’s emphasis on focusing on ethical behavior rather than speculative topics remains relevant today. In a world where sensationalism and divisive topics often capture public attention, his teachings remind us of the value in grounding discussions in practical, ethical considerations. His approach encourages a focus on actions and principles that can lead to personal and societal improvement, rather than getting caught up in the extraordinary or the violent.