Confucius on Ethical Fishing and Hunting: A Lesson in Moral Choices

7·27 The Master fished without a net (1) and shot birds without a bow (2).

[Notes]

(1) Gang: a large rope. Here it is used as a verb. To pull a large rope across the water and attach many hooks to it to fish is called gang.

(2) Yi: to shoot birds with arrows attached to a string.

(3) Su: refers to birds that return to their nests to rest.

Translation

Confucius only used a fishing rod with one hook to fish, not a large rope with many hooks. He only shot at flying birds, not birds resting in their nests.

Commentary

In fact, there is no difference in essence between fishing with a fishing rod with one hook and fishing with a net, or between shooting at flying birds with an arrow and shooting at birds in their nests. Confucius’s practice is merely an expression of his own benevolent heart.

“Confucius only used a fishing rod with a single hook and not a large net with many hooks. He only shot at flying birds, never those resting in their nests.”

Understanding the Analogy

At first glance, this analogy may appear to be about fishing and hunting techniques, but its deeper meaning reveals Confucius’s perspective on ethical conduct. In this teaching, Confucius contrasts two methods: using a single hook versus a net, and shooting flying birds versus those at rest. Although both methods—whether fishing with a rod or a net, or shooting birds in flight versus those at rest—are functionally similar, Confucius emphasizes the ethical implications of each approach.

The Ethical Dimensions

Confucius’s choice to use a rod with a single hook rather than a net reflects a principle of restraint and selectivity. A net with many hooks could capture numerous fish indiscriminately, while a single hook signifies a more deliberate and controlled approach. Similarly, shooting only flying birds, not those resting in their nests, symbolizes a respect for the natural order and a consideration for the vulnerable.

The Essence of Confucian Ethics

The essence of this teaching lies in its representation of Confucian virtue. By choosing a more considerate method, Confucius demonstrates his commitment to benevolence and moral integrity. This approach underscores the importance of compassion and respect in all actions, extending to seemingly mundane activities like fishing and hunting.

Lessons for Modern Times

In today’s context, this teaching offers valuable lessons. It encourages mindfulness and ethical considerations in our actions, whether they pertain to our professional lives or personal choices. Confucius’s emphasis on restraint and respect serves as a reminder that our methods and intentions matter just as much as the outcomes we seek.