Confucius on Fate and Action: Why Some Things Are Beyond Our Control
Gong Bo Liao (1) complained (2) to Zilu about Ji Sun. Zifu Jing Bo (3) told him, “The Master has a fixed resolve to follow Gong Bo Liao, and I can still do something about it in the marketplace (4).” The Master said, “If the way is to be followed, it is by fate; if it is to be abandoned, it is also by fate. What can Gong Bo Liao do about it?”
[Notes] (1) Gong Bo Liao: Gong Bo was his surname, Liao his given name, and Zi Zhou his style name. He was a student of Confucius and served as a retainer of the Ji family. (2) Su: the same as su, to report, to slander. (3) Zi Fu Jing Bo: a nobleman of the state of Lu, surnamed Zi Fu, given name Bo, Jing being his posthumous name. (4) Shi zhushi chao: In ancient times, after a criminal was executed, his body was displayed to the public.
[Translation] Gong Bo Liao reported Zilu to Ji Sun. Zi Fu Jing Bo told Confucius about this and said, “Ji Sun has been deceived by Gong Bo Liao. I have the power to kill Gong Bo Liao and display his body in the market.” Confucius said, “Whether the Dao can be implemented or not is determined by heaven’s will. What can Gong Bo Liao do about it?
[Commentary] In this chapter, Confucius once again talks about his idea of destiny. Whether or not “Tao” can be implemented depends on destiny, not on human beings, which is the so-called “man proposes, but God disposes.”
Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher, often discussed the interplay between human efforts and the forces of fate. One notable dialogue highlights his perspective on this balance: When Gongbo Liao reported Zilu to Jisun, and Zifu Jingbo relayed the news to Confucius, he said, “Jisun has been misled by Gongbo Liao. My strength could even defeat Gongbo Liao and display his body in the marketplace.” Confucius responded, “Whether the Way succeeds or fails is determined by destiny; Gongbo Liao cannot change destiny.”
This exchange provides insight into Confucius’ views on the relationship between human action and destiny. Let’s explore the key elements of this teaching and its implications.
The Role of Destiny in Achieving the Way
Confucius asserts that the success or failure of “the Way” (道) is not merely a result of human effort but is ultimately governed by destiny. “The Way” here refers to the principles of righteousness and moral order that Confucius sought to promote.
Confucius’ statement implies that while individuals can strive to implement and uphold moral principles, their ultimate success is influenced by forces beyond their control. This reflects the belief that certain aspects of life and their outcomes are predestined, and no amount of human intervention can alter this fundamental course.
The Limits of Human Effort
In the dialogue, Zifu Jingbo’s suggestion that he could eliminate Gongbo Liao and display his body in the marketplace highlights a dramatic and extreme response to a perceived threat or injustice. Confucius counters this with the notion that such actions cannot influence the overarching destiny.
This perspective emphasizes the limits of human effort in the grand scheme of things. It underscores that while individuals can make significant efforts and take decisive actions, they must recognize the boundaries of their influence and accept that some outcomes are beyond their control.
The Concept of “Ming” (Destiny)
Confucius’ concept of “ming” (命), or destiny, plays a crucial role in his philosophy. It represents the idea that certain events and outcomes are preordained and that humans must align their actions with this greater order rather than attempting to force changes that are not within their power.
This understanding encourages a sense of humility and acceptance. It suggests that while individuals should continue to act ethically and pursue their goals, they must also be prepared to accept the results, recognizing that some factors are predetermined by the universe or a higher power.
Applying Confucian Wisdom Today
Confucius’ teachings on destiny and action offer valuable lessons for modern life. In personal and professional contexts, this philosophy encourages individuals to focus on their efforts and ethical behavior while accepting that not all outcomes are within their control.
By understanding and accepting the limits of their influence, people can approach challenges with greater resilience and clarity. This acceptance can also reduce frustration and foster a more balanced perspective on success and failure.
Confucius’ reflections on the interplay between human action and destiny highlight the importance of recognizing and accepting the boundaries of personal influence. By aligning efforts with ethical principles and accepting the role of destiny, individuals can navigate life’s challenges with greater wisdom and composure.