Confucius’ Stand Against Injustice: A Lesson in Integrity and Duty
Chen Chengzi (1) killed King Jian (2). Confucius bathed and went to court, and told the king, “Chen Heng killed his king. Please punish him.” The king said, “Tell the three sons (3).” Confucius said, “Since I am a follower of the great men (4), I dare not not tell you. The king said, ‘Tell the three sons.’ The three sons told him, but he refused. Confucius said, ‘Since I am a former minister, I dare not not tell him.’
[Notes] (1) Chen Chengzi: Chen Heng, a minister of Qi, also known as Tian Chengzi. He was supported by the people because he lent in large measures and took in small measures. In 481 BC, he killed Qi Jian Gong and seized power. (2) Jian Gong: Jian Gong of Qi, surnamed Jiang and named Ren. He reigned from 484 BC to 481 BC. (3) Three sons: refers to the three families of Ji, Meng and Shu. (4) From the time of a high official: Confucius had once been a high official, but at this time he had already retired to his home, so he said that he was from the time of a high official. (5) Zhi: verb, to go.
Translation: Chen Chengzi killed the Duke of Qi. After Confucius had bathed and purified himself, he went to see the Duke of Lu and reported, “Chen Heng has killed his sovereign. Please send troops to attack him.” The Duke said, “Go and report to the three senior officials.” After the audience, Confucius said, “Because I had once been a senior official, I dared not not report it. Confucius went to report to the three doctors, but the three doctors did not want to send troops to attack. Confucius said, “Because I have been a doctor, I dare not not report it!”
[Analysis] Chen Chengzi killed Qi Jian Gong, which was really “unbearable” in Confucius’s eyes. Although he had retired from office and returned home, he still solemnly told Lu Aigong about it, which of course violated the precept of “not in his position, not to plan his politics.” His request was rejected by the king, so Confucius must have been very resentful, but there was nothing he could do.
In ancient China, during a tumultuous period of political upheaval and moral decay, the story of Confucius’ response to the assassination of Qi Jian Gong by Chen Chengzi stands out as a powerful example of integrity and duty. This narrative, rooted in Confucian philosophy, offers timeless lessons that resonate with contemporary audiences, emphasizing the importance of standing up for justice and maintaining one’s principles even in the face of adversity.
The Historical Context
The events unfolded in the state of Qi in 481 BCE. Chen Chengzi, also known as Chen Heng, was a high-ranking official who gained significant influence through his clever manipulation of resources, using large measures for loans and smaller measures for collections. His growing power eventually led him to assassinate Qi Jian Gong, seizing control of the state. Qi Jian Gong, whose personal name was Ren, reigned from 484 to 481 BCE and was a member of the Jiang family.
Confucius’ Response
Upon learning of the assassination, Confucius, who had already retired from his official duties, undertook a ritual purification and presented himself at the court of Lu Ai Gong. He felt compelled by a deep sense of duty and righteousness to report the heinous act, seeking justice for the slain ruler. Confucius’ plea was straightforward: “Chen Heng has killed his lord. I request that you send troops to punish him.”
Lu Ai Gong’s response was dismissive: “Report this to the three nobles.” The three nobles referred to the heads of the prominent families in the state of Lu: the Jisun, Mengsun, and Shusun families.
Despite his disappointment, Confucius persisted. He explained that his former position as a high-ranking official obligated him to report such matters, even though he no longer held office. Following Lu Ai Gong’s directive, Confucius approached the three nobles, but they too refused to take action against Chen Chengzi.
Confucius’ Principles
Confucius’ actions highlight his unwavering commitment to moral principles. Despite the apparent futility of his efforts, he adhered to the Confucian ideal of loyalty and righteousness. His stance reflects the Confucian belief that one must always act according to ethical standards, regardless of the outcome or personal risk involved.
This incident also underscores the Confucian tenet of rectifying one’s position. Although Confucius had retired from public office, he felt a moral obligation to confront injustice, demonstrating that true integrity transcends official titles and positions. His willingness to challenge the ruling authorities, despite the lack of support, reveals a profound dedication to justice and the well-being of the state.
Modern Relevance
The story of Confucius and the assassination of Qi Jian Gong offers valuable insights for modern audiences. It serves as a reminder of the importance of ethical leadership and the courage to stand up against wrongdoing. In a world where moral ambiguity often prevails, Confucius’ example encourages individuals to uphold their values and take action in the face of injustice.
Moreover, this narrative highlights the role of personal responsibility in creating a just society. Confucius’ refusal to remain silent, despite the potential personal repercussions, exemplifies the impact one person can have in advocating for justice and integrity.
Confucius’ reaction to the assassination of Qi Jian Gong by Chen Chengzi is a testament to his steadfast commitment to moral principles and justice. His actions, rooted in a deep sense of duty and righteousness, continue to inspire and offer valuable lessons for contemporary society. By embracing Confucian values of integrity, ethical leadership, and personal responsibility, we can strive to create a more just and equitable world.
This timeless story, rich in historical and cultural significance, not only provides a window into ancient Chinese philosophy but also serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring importance of standing up for what is right, regardless of the challenges we may face.