Confucius’ Teaching Methods: The Profound Influence of Ancient Wisdom

[Original text]

On September 11, Yan Yuan sighed and said, “The more I look up, the higher it is; the more I look into it, the more solid it is; the more I look at it, the more it is in front of me, and suddenly it is behind me. The Master is good at persuading people (5), broadening my knowledge, and limiting me with etiquette. I want to stop, but I can’t. I have exhausted my talents, as if I were standing tall (6). Although I want to follow him, I can’t (7).”

[Notes]

(1)喟: sound of sighing.

(2)弥: more and more.

(3)钻: to study intensively.

(4)瞻: to look at.

(5)循循然善诱人: to follow in an orderly manner.诱, to persuade, to guide.

(6)卓尔: tall and outstanding.

(7)末由: no way. 由, means “way” or “path.” Here it means “no way.”

Translation

Yan Yuan sighed and said, “(Regarding my teacher’s learning and morality), the higher I look, the higher it seems; the more I study, the more I feel that it is inexhaustible. It seems to be in front, but suddenly

it seems to be behind. My teacher is good at guiding me step by step, enriching my knowledge with various classics, and restraining my words and deeds with various rituals. It is impossible for me to stop learning until I

have exhausted my full strength. It seems that there is a very tall thing standing in front of me, and although I want to follow it, there is no path to go forward.

Commentary

Yan Yuan highly praised his teacher in this chapter, describing Confucius’s learning and morality as unattainable. In addition, he also talked about Confucius’s teaching methods for students, and “teaching with patience and kindness” became one of the principles followed by

teachers in the future.

In the realm of Chinese philosophy, Confucius stands as a towering figure whose teachings continue to resonate through the ages. One of his most devoted students, Yan Yuan, reflected profoundly on the nature of his master’s wisdom and pedagogical approach. His reflections provide valuable insights into the enduring impact of Confucius’ methods.

Yan Yuan expressed his awe and admiration for Confucius by saying, “As I look up, the knowledge appears increasingly lofty; as I delve deeper, it seems endlessly profound. What I observe appears to be right in front of me, yet suddenly it seems far behind.” This vivid imagery underscores the vast and seemingly unattainable nature of Confucius’ teachings.

Confucius’ educational philosophy is noted for its methodical and compassionate approach. Yan Yuan described how Confucius would guide his students with a meticulous and gradual approach, using a wealth of classical texts to enrich their understanding. This process was not merely about imparting knowledge but also about shaping the moral character of his students. The phrase “循循善诱” (xún xún shàn yòu) translates to “methodical and benevolent guidance,” which has become a fundamental principle in teaching and mentorship.

Confucius’ ability to engage his students with both intellectual and ethical instruction meant that they felt an irresistible pull towards continual learning. Yan Yuan reflected that even when he wished to stop, the teachings were so compelling and demanding that he felt he had no choice but to persist. This relentless pursuit of knowledge and self-improvement reflects Confucius’ profound influence.

The metaphor of a towering, majestic presence that Yan Yuan describes signifies the overwhelming grandeur of Confucius’ teachings. Despite his efforts, Yan Yuan felt there was no clear path to fully attaining the heights of his master’s wisdom. This sentiment illustrates the profound respect and humility that Confucius inspired in his students.

Confucius’ teaching methods emphasize a harmonious blend of intellectual rigor and ethical guidance. His approach was not only about acquiring knowledge but also about cultivating virtue. This method of education has been revered through the centuries as a model of effective teaching and personal development.

In modern times, Confucius’ educational principles continue to influence various teaching practices worldwide. His methods highlight the importance of patience, empathy, and a structured approach to learning, making them relevant to contemporary education systems.