Confucius’ Wisdom on Constructive Criticism and Praise

[Original text]

9·24 The Master said, “Is there any way of speaking that is not correct? It is better to correct it. Can one not speak (3) with a submissive tone? It is precious to ponder (4). If one speaks without pondering, and does not correct one’s mistakes, what can I do (5)?

It is finished.”

[Notes]

(1) French words: French refers to rules of etiquette. Here it refers to admonishing with words that conform to rules of etiquette. (2) Words of submissiveness: submissiveness refers to being submissive and humble. With refers to approval and praise. Here it refers to words of praise and encouragement.

(3)说: the sound of ｙｕè, the same as “悦”.

(4)绎: the original meaning is “draw silk”, here it refers to the pursuit, analysis, and identification.

(5)末: no.

Translation:

Confucius said, “Who would not listen to words of praise and encouragement that are in line with the rules of etiquette? But (only by) correcting one’s own mistakes is precious. Who would not be pleased to hear words of praise and encouragement? But only

those who seriously investigate (the truth of) it are valuable. I really have no way to deal with people who are only happy and do not analyze, and who only listen but do not correct their mistakes.

Commentary

The first point here is about consistency between words and deeds. Heeding words that conform to the rules of propriety is only one aspect of the problem, and the real essence of the problem is to correct one’s mistakes in accordance with the rules of propriety. The second point is that honest advice is not always welcome, and the truth of what is said should be carefully distinguished. We should still learn from these two points of Confucius today and act according to these principles.

Confucius, one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history, offers timeless advice on how to handle criticism and praise. His teachings, though rooted in ancient Chinese culture, hold valuable lessons that are relevant across different cultures and eras. Understanding his wisdom can provide insight into improving personal development and relationships.

The Essence of Constructive Criticism

In the Analects, Confucius discusses the importance of accepting criticism that aligns with moral principles and societal rules. He states, “Fitting words of admonishment, who can fail to listen? But it is valuable to change oneself according to them.” Here, Confucius emphasizes that merely listening to criticism is not enough; the true value lies in using it as a guide to correct one’s mistakes.

This idea is akin to the Western concept of constructive criticism, where the feedback aims to improve rather than demean. Confucius encourages an attitude of humility and openness, urging people to see criticism as an opportunity for growth rather than a personal attack. This perspective is particularly relevant in professional and personal settings, where the ability to receive and act on feedback can significantly impact one’s success and relationships.

The Pitfall of Empty Praise

On the other side, Confucius addresses the nature of praise. He says, “Words of flattery, who can fail to be pleased? But it is valuable to scrutinize them.” Here, he warns against taking praise at face value without critically examining its sincerity and merit. While compliments can boost morale and motivation, relying solely on them without deeper analysis can lead to complacency and self-deception.

In modern contexts, this advice can be applied to various situations, from workplace recognition to social media interactions. While positive feedback is essential, it’s crucial to remain grounded and continuously strive for genuine self-improvement. Confucius highlights the importance of discernment, encouraging individuals to seek substance over superficial approval.

Balancing Criticism and Praise

Confucius’ teachings on criticism and praise underscore the need for balance. He laments, “To be pleased without analyzing, to follow without correcting, what can I do with such people?” This statement reflects his frustration with those who accept praise unquestioningly and ignore constructive criticism. For Confucius, true wisdom lies in the ability to balance these two aspects—embracing criticism for growth and evaluating praise for authenticity.

In today’s fast-paced world, this balance is more relevant than ever. Whether in professional environments, educational settings, or personal relationships, the capacity to handle criticism and praise effectively can lead to more meaningful and fulfilling experiences. By adopting Confucius’ approach, individuals can develop a more resilient and reflective mindset, capable of navigating the complexities of modern life with grace and wisdom.