Confucius’s Advice: Why Studying Ancient Poetry is Essential
The Master said to Boyu, “Have you studied the Zhou and the Zhao (1)? If a man does not study the Zhou and the Zhao, it is like standing with his back to the wall (2).
[Explanation] (1) The Zhou and the Zhao: the names of the first and second parts of the ‘National Style’ in the ‘Book of Songs’. Zhou Nan and Zhao Nan are both place names. These are local folk songs. (2) Standing with one’s back to the wall: standing with one’s back to the wall.
[Translation] Confucius said to Bo Yu, “Have you studied Zhou Nan and Zhao Nan? If a person does not study Zhou Nan and Zhao Nan, it is like standing with one’s back to the wall.”
Confucius, the renowned Chinese philosopher, often emphasized the importance of studying ancient texts and traditions. One of his key teachings highlights the significance of ancient poetry, particularly the Book of Songs (Shijing), which consists of various sections including Zhou Nan and Shao Nan. These sections are not just historical artifacts but essential components of personal and cultural education.
The Importance of Zhou Nan and Shao Nan
Confucius’s discussion with his disciple, Bo Yu, sheds light on why these particular sections of the Book of Songs are so crucial. When Confucius asked Bo Yu if he had studied Zhou Nan and Shao Nan, he likened the neglect of these texts to standing face-to-face with a wall. This analogy underscores the value Confucius placed on these works and their role in a well-rounded education.
Understanding the Analogy
Confucius’s analogy of standing against a wall highlights the importance of engaging with cultural and literary traditions. Just as facing a wall limits one’s view and understanding of the world, neglecting the study of Zhou Nan and Shao Nan restricts one’s cultural and moral development. These ancient texts are more than mere historical records; they are rich sources of wisdom and insight into human nature and societal values.
Why Zhou Nan and Shao Nan Matter
Cultural Heritage and Moral Lessons
Zhou Nan and Shao Nan are part of the Book of Songs, an anthology of early Chinese poetry. They contain folk songs and hymns that reflect the values, beliefs, and everyday life of ancient China. Studying these texts offers valuable lessons in morality, social conduct, and the appreciation of beauty in simplicity. They help readers understand how ancient Chinese society viewed concepts such as loyalty, love, and righteousness.
Connection to Tradition
Engaging with these ancient texts connects individuals to a long-standing cultural and intellectual tradition. It provides insights into the historical context of Chinese philosophy and literature, enriching one’s understanding of how past generations interpreted their world. This connection to tradition is essential for preserving cultural identity and continuity.
Reflection on Human Nature
The poetry in Zhou Nan and Shao Nan often explores themes of human emotions and relationships. By studying these texts, individuals can gain deeper insights into human nature and the complexities of personal and social interactions. This reflection can enhance one’s empathy and understanding of others.
Educational Value
Confucius believed that the study of poetry is integral to education because it nurtures critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and cultural awareness. Zhou Nan and Shao Nan serve as important educational tools that promote these qualities, helping individuals to become well-rounded and thoughtful members of society.