Pursuing Profit: The Confucian View on Resentment

4·12 The Master said, “If one acts for the sake of profit, there will be much resentment.”

[Annotation]

(1) Fang: sound fǎng, same as fǎng, to follow, to imitate, to extend to pursue.

(2) Yuan: resentment of others.

[Translation]

Confucius said, “To act for the sake of pursuing benefits will cause more resentment.”

[Commentary]

This chapter also discusses the issue of righteousness and benefits. He believed that a gentleman with a noble character would not always consider the gains and losses of personal interests, and would not pursue personal interests wholeheartedly, otherwise, he would incur resentment and accusations from all sides. Here, the idea of putting righteousness before profit is still discussed.

The Concept of Righteousness

In Confucian philosophy, righteousness (or “yi” in Chinese) is a core value. It refers to doing what is morally right and just, regardless of the potential for personal gain or loss. This principle is contrasted with the pursuit of profit, which is seen as a more selfish and less virtuous goal.

Confucius taught that when people prioritize righteousness over profit, they contribute to a harmonious and just society. This idea underscores the importance of selflessness and ethical behavior in creating a positive and cohesive community.

Modern Implications of Confucian Teachings

While Confucius’s teachings are rooted in ancient China, their implications are timeless and global. In today’s world, where the pursuit of profit often drives individual and corporate behavior, his warning about resentment is particularly relevant.

For instance, in the business world, companies that focus solely on maximizing profits can sometimes neglect the well-being of their employees, customers, and the environment. This can lead to public backlash, loss of trust, and ultimately, resentment. By contrast, companies that prioritize ethical practices, social responsibility, and the welfare of their stakeholders often enjoy greater loyalty and a more positive reputation.

On a personal level, individuals who act with integrity and prioritize ethical behavior over personal gain tend to build stronger, more trusting relationships. They are often respected and admired for their principled stance, leading to a more fulfilling and harmonious life.

Balancing Profit and Righteousness

Confucius’s teachings do not imply that the pursuit of profit is inherently wrong. Instead, he emphasizes the need for balance. It is possible to pursue success and financial gain while still adhering to ethical principles and considering the impact of one’s actions on others.

By integrating Confucian values into our personal and professional lives, we can strive for success in a way that also promotes social harmony and reduces resentment. This balanced approach can lead to more sustainable and fulfilling outcomes for individuals and society as a whole.