The Art of Ancient Chinese Cuisine: A Guide to Mindful Eating

10·8 One should not be picky about food. One should not eat spoiled food. One should not eat fish that has gone bad or meat that has gone bad. One should not eat food that is ugly or smelly. One should not eat food that has been prepared improperly. Not in season (7), not eaten. Not cut properly (8), not eaten. Not with the right sauce, not eaten. Although there is a lot of meat, it does not make the food smell better (9). Only wine is limitless, not as bad as drunkenness (10). Not eating wine or preserved meat (11). Not eating ginger without removing it from the dish, not eating too much.

[Notes]

(1)脍: kuai, finely cut fish or meat.

(2)饐: yì, old. Food that has been left out for a long time.

(3)餲: ài, spoiled.

(4)馁: něi, fish that has gone bad, here meaning fish that is not fresh.

(5)败: meat that has gone bad, here meaning meat that is not fresh.

(6)饪: cooking and preparing meals.

(7)不时: in season, fresh.

(8) Cut not properly: the meat is not cut properly.

(9) Qi: same as “bun”, sound ｘì, that is, grain.

(10) Not as drunk as disorder: disorder, refers to drunk. Not as drunk as disorder.

(11) Pro: sound fǔ, cooked meat.

[Translation]

The grain is not too finely ground, and the fish and meat are not too finely cut. If the grain is old and has gone bad, or the fish and meat are rotten, they are not eaten. If the color of the food has changed, it is not eaten. If the smell has changed, it is not eaten. If it is not cooked properly, it is not eaten. If the meat is not cut properly, it is not eaten. If the condiments are not put in the right place, it is not eaten. Although there is a lot of meat on the table, the amount eaten does not exceed the amount of rice and flour. Only wine is not limited, but one does not get drunk. Dried meat and wine bought from the market are not eaten. Ginger must be used in every meal, but it is not eaten in large quantities.

In ancient China, the philosophy surrounding food and dining was deeply rooted in the culture and reflected a profound appreciation for quality, freshness, and balance. This philosophy, articulated by Confucius, emphasized the importance of mindful eating—a concept that resonates with modern wellness trends. Here, we explore these timeless principles and their relevance to today’s health-conscious society.

Emphasis on Quality and Freshness

The ancient Chinese believed that food should be of the highest quality and utmost freshness. Confucius famously said, “Grain should not be ground too finely, and fish and meat should not be cut too thin.” This suggests a respect for the natural state of food, emphasizing that the processing should not compromise the integrity of the ingredients.

In today’s context, this can be seen as an endorsement of minimally processed foods. Modern nutritionists echo this sentiment, advocating for whole foods over processed alternatives. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and proteins maintain their nutritional value and provide the body with essential vitamins and minerals.

Rejection of Spoiled and Poorly Prepared Food

Confucius was particular about not consuming food that was spoiled or poorly prepared. He stated, “Do not eat food that is stale or has turned, do not eat food that is not cooked properly.” This principle underscores the importance of food safety and proper preparation.

This ancient wisdom aligns with contemporary food safety practices. Ensuring food is fresh, properly stored, and adequately cooked can prevent foodborne illnesses and ensure a more enjoyable eating experience.

Balance in Eating

One of the most significant aspects of Confucian food philosophy is the emphasis on balance. Confucius advised against overindulgence in any one type of food, “Even if there is a lot of meat, it should not be consumed in excess of staple foods.” This highlights the importance of a balanced diet, where variety is key to obtaining a range of nutrients.

Today, dietary guidelines recommend a balanced intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A varied diet helps maintain optimal health, providing the body with a comprehensive set of nutrients needed for energy, growth, and repair.

Mindful Drinking

While Confucius did not impose limits on alcohol, he advised moderation to avoid drunkenness. “Only in drinking wine is there no limit prescribed, but do not get drunk.” This advice promotes mindful drinking, encouraging individuals to enjoy alcohol in moderation.

This is particularly relevant in today’s society, where excessive drinking can lead to numerous health issues. Mindful drinking, as advised by Confucius, encourages enjoyment of alcohol without compromising health and well-being.

Specific Preferences and Rituals

Confucius had specific preferences, such as always including ginger in meals but consuming it sparingly, and avoiding market-bought dried meats and wines. These preferences reflect a personalized approach to diet and a commitment to quality.

Modern foodies and health enthusiasts often adopt similar practices, favoring homemade meals and organic ingredients over commercially processed options. This approach not only ensures better control over ingredient quality but also enhances the dining experience through personalized touches.