The Gentleman’s Guide to Righteousness

4·10 The Master said, “A gentleman has no fixed preferences in the world, no fixed aversion, but acts according to what is right.”

【Annotation】

(1) 适: the sound of the character is dí, meaning close, treat generously.

(2) Mo: distant, cold.

(3) Yi: appropriate, suitable.

(4) Bi: close, near, close to.

Translation

Confucius said, “A gentleman has no fixed preference for people or things, but acts according to what is right.”

Commentary

In this chapter, Confucius puts forward one of the basic requirements for a gentleman: “Yi and bi.” A gentleman with a noble character is fair and friendly, serious and flexible in dealing with the world, and does not favor one over the other. This chapter is still about the cultivation of personal morality.

In the Analects, Confucius emphasizes the qualities of a gentleman, or “junzi.” A gentleman is not swayed by personal biases or preferences. Instead, he evaluates each situation based on what is just and appropriate. This principle of righteousness, or “yi,” is central to Confucian thought.

Breaking Down the Concept

No Fixed Preferences: A gentleman does not allow personal likes or dislikes to cloud his judgment. This means being open-minded and impartial.

Acting According to What is Right: The core of a gentleman’s actions is righteousness. Decisions and actions are guided by ethical considerations rather than personal gain or favoritism.

Relevance in Modern Times

In today’s fast-paced world, this ancient wisdom is more relevant than ever. Here are some ways to apply Confucius’s teaching in our daily lives:

Fairness in Decision Making: Whether in the workplace or in personal relationships, strive to be fair. Avoid letting personal biases influence your decisions. Consider what is right for the situation rather than what benefits you personally.

Ethical Leadership: Leaders can take a cue from Confucius by prioritizing ethical considerations over personal preferences. This can build trust and respect among team members and stakeholders.

Personal Integrity: Upholding righteousness in your actions cultivates personal integrity. This means being consistent in your principles and actions, even when it’s challenging.

Practical Applications

In Business: Make decisions that are ethical and fair. This not only fosters a positive work environment but also enhances the reputation of the business.

In Education: Teach students the importance of righteousness. Encourage them to think critically and act ethically.

In Personal Life: Apply these principles in your interactions with friends and family. Strive to be fair and just in your relationships.

Commentary and Reflection

Confucius’s teaching on righteousness and fairness invites us to reflect on our own lives. Are we acting based on personal biases, or are we striving to do what is right? This reflection is crucial for personal growth and the cultivation of a noble character.

The idea of “yi and bi” – being fair and friendly, serious and flexible – is a balanced approach to dealing with the world. It reminds us that while it’s important to be firm in our principles, we should also be adaptable and considerate in our actions.