The Power of Filial Piety in Governance: Confucius’ Teachings

Or (1) someone said to Confucius, “Why don’t you engage in politics?” Confucius said, “The Book of History (3) says, ‘Be filial and only

be filial, be friendly to your brothers. If you apply it to politics (4), it is also politics. Why not apply it to politics?”

[Notes]

(1)Or: someone. Indefinite pronoun.

(2)Xi: interrogative particle, equivalent to ‘why.’

(3)Shu: refers to the Book of History.

(4)Shiyu youzheng: Shiyu: one interpretation is to apply; the other is to extend.

[Translation]

Someone said to Confucius, ”Why don’t you engage in politics?” Confucius replied, “The Book of History says, ‘Filial piety is to honor one’s parents and fraternal love is to love one’s brothers.’ If we apply the principles of filial piety and fraternal love to government affairs, that is, if we engage in politics, how can we be considered to be engaged in politics?”

[Analysis]

This chapter reflects two aspects of Confucius’ thinking. First, the foundation of state politics is filial piety, and only those who are filial to their parents and fraternal to their brothers are qualified to hold state office. This illustrates Confucius’ idea of “ruling by virtue.” Second, Confucius was engaged in education, not only teaching students, but also indirectly participating in national politics through the education of students. This is the essence of his educational philosophy and a form of his governance.

Filial piety, known as “孝” (xiào) in Chinese, is a fundamental virtue in Confucianism. It denotes the respect and devotion that children should show to their parents. Similarly, fraternal love, or “悌” (tì), emphasizes the bond and loyalty among siblings. These concepts are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and are considered the bedrock of a harmonious society.

Confucius believed that these values should extend beyond the family unit to influence governance. He argued that if individuals could practice filial piety and fraternal love within their families, they could also apply these principles to their roles in government, thereby fostering a virtuous and effective administration.

Filial Piety as the Foundation of Governance

Confucius’ response to the question, “Why don’t you engage in politics?” highlights his belief in the importance of filial piety in governance. He cited the Book of History, which states, “Filial piety is to honor one’s parents and fraternal love is to love one’s brothers.” Confucius argued that these values are intrinsically political because they form the foundation of ethical leadership.

A leader who respects their parents and loves their siblings is likely to exhibit the same care and responsibility towards their citizens. This principle of “ruling by virtue” ensures that leaders prioritize the well-being of their people, creating a stable and just society.

Confucius’ Educational Philosophy and Its Political Implications

Apart from his philosophical teachings, Confucius was also an educator. He believed in shaping the minds and characters of his students, who would then go on to influence national politics. This indirect approach to governance through education underscores the importance of moral and ethical training for future leaders.

Confucius’ educational philosophy is a testament to his understanding that governance extends beyond political structures; it begins with cultivating virtuous individuals. By teaching his students the importance of filial piety and fraternal love, Confucius was, in essence, preparing them to become leaders who would govern with integrity and compassion.

Modern Relevance of Confucian Values

In today’s fast-paced world, the teachings of Confucius might seem distant, yet they hold significant relevance. The principles of filial piety and fraternal love can address various contemporary issues, from corporate governance to community leadership.

For instance, in the corporate world, leaders who exhibit respect and loyalty within their organizations can foster a culture of trust and cooperation. This, in turn, can lead to better teamwork, higher morale, and increased productivity. Similarly, in community leadership, applying these values can help build stronger, more cohesive communities where individuals look out for one another.