Why Confucius’s Virtue is Beyond Reach: A Lesson in Humility and Respect

Chen Ziqin said to Zi Gong: “You are being respectful. Is Zhongni more virtuous than you? Zigong said, “A gentleman’s words are his knowledge, and his words are his ignorance. His words cannot be taken lightly. The Master is as unreachable as the sky. The Master’s ability to govern a country is such that when he speaks, people stand up; when he teaches, people follow; when he calls, people come; when he moves, people are in harmony. His life is glorious, and his death is sad. How can he be reached?”

[Translation] Chen Ziqin said to Zi Gong, “You are being modest. How can Zhongni be more virtuous than you?” Zi Gong said, “A gentleman’s words can show his knowledge or his ignorance, so one must be careful with what one says. The Master is so high that he cannot be reached, just as the sky cannot be climbed up a ladder. If the Master had become a feudal lord or a nobleman, he would have taught the people to follow the rules of propriety, and the people would have followed him. If he had led the people, they would have followed him. If he had pacified the people, they would have submitted to him. If he had mobilized the people, they would have worked together. It is a great honor to live, and it is a great pity to die. How can I ever catch up with him?

Commentary: The above chapters are all about Zi Gong answering questions that belittled Confucius and extolled Zi Gong. Zi Gong had great respect for Confucius and thought that he was beyond compare. Therefore, he could not tolerate others’ slander of Confucius.

In the realm of Chinese philosophy, Confucius is often held in the highest regard for his wisdom and virtue. A notable exchange between Zigong and Chen Ziqin sheds light on the revered status of Confucius and the profound respect he commands from his disciples. This dialogue not only highlights the unparalleled nature of Confucius’s virtues but also underscores important lessons about humility and the careful use of speech.

The Dialogue

Chen Ziqin once remarked to Zigong, “You are humble and respectful. How could Confucius be more virtuous than you?” In response, Zigong offered a profound perspective:

“A gentleman’s words can reflect his wisdom or his lack thereof; therefore, one must speak with great caution. Confucius’s unattainable nature is like the sky, which cannot be climbed with a ladder. If Confucius were to gain a state or a fief, he would, as people say, teach the people to stand by propriety, and they would stand by it; guide them, and they would follow; pacify them, and they would be loyal; mobilize them, and they would unite. His life is full of honor, and his death is deeply lamented. How could I possibly measure up to him?”

Analysis

Zigong’s response is rich with insights about the nature of true virtue and the respect it commands:

The Nature of True Virtue: Zigong emphasizes that Confucius’s virtue is so profound and comprehensive that it cannot be reached or surpassed, much like the sky which cannot be ascended with a mere ladder. This comparison highlights the exceptional and unapproachable nature of Confucius’s wisdom.

The Power of Words: Zigong points out that a gentleman’s words can reflect his wisdom or ignorance, making it crucial to speak carefully. This underscores the responsibility that comes with communication and the potential impact of one’s words.

Confucius’s Influence: Zigong illustrates that if Confucius were in a position of power, his ability to guide, pacify, and mobilize people would be unparalleled. His influence would be profound and transformative, affecting people’s behavior and attitudes deeply.

Respect and Humility: The reverence Zigong shows for Confucius is evident in his acknowledgment of Confucius’s unparalleled virtues. Zigong’s humility in recognizing his own limitations compared to Confucius underscores the value of respecting those who have achieved extraordinary virtues.

Broader Implications

This dialogue between Zigong and Chen Ziqin offers several important lessons for contemporary readers:

Appreciate True Greatness: Understanding and acknowledging the extraordinary nature of great individuals like Confucius helps foster a deeper appreciation for their contributions. Recognize that some virtues are so exceptional that they set a standard beyond ordinary reach.

Use Words Wisely: Be mindful of the power of your words. Recognize that statements can reveal both wisdom and ignorance, and choose your words with care to reflect your true understanding and respect.

Embrace Humility: Cultivate humility in the face of true greatness. It is important to acknowledge and respect those who have achieved significant virtue and wisdom, recognizing that there is always more to learn and aspire to.

Value of Respect: Show respect for individuals who embody exceptional virtues. Respecting such figures not only honors their achievements but also inspires personal growth and a deeper understanding of virtue.

The exchange between Zigong and Chen Ziqin highlights the enduring nature of Confucius’s virtues and the profound respect they command. Confucius’s wisdom is portrayed as both unparalleled and transformative, much like the sky’s vastness. By reflecting on this dialogue, we can better appreciate the qualities of true greatness, the importance of careful speech, and the value of humility and respect in our interactions with others.