Wisdom of Retreat: Ancient Chinese Insights on Avoiding Conflict
The Master said, “The superior man avoids the world, and next avoids the land, and next avoids the color, and next avoids words.” The Master said, “There have been seven who have done so.”
[Notes] (1) Bi: to avoid. (2) Seven people: namely, Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liu Xia Hui, and Shao Lian.
[Translation] Confucius said, “The virtuous avoid turbulent society and live in seclusion. The next best avoid going to another place. The next best avoid other people’s unpleasant looks. The next best avoid other people’s unpleasant words.” Confucius also said, “There are already seven people who have done this.”
[Commentary] This chapter is about the principles of life and conduct. People cannot always be in a smooth environment. What should they do when they are in adversity? This is the way of life that Confucius taught his disciples.
In ancient Chinese philosophy, Confucius offers profound guidance on how to navigate adversity and conflict. One of his notable teachings underscores the importance of strategic retreat in the face of societal turmoil and personal challenges. This concept, deeply rooted in Confucian thought, continues to resonate with modern readers seeking wisdom on handling difficult situations.
Confucius once remarked, “A sage retreats from a troubled world, then to a different place, further from unpleasant expressions, and finally from harsh words.” This reflection highlights a nuanced approach to dealing with adversity, emphasizing a graduated response to conflict and discomfort.
The Hierarchy of Retreat
Retreating from a Troubled World: Confucius first suggests that the wisest individuals retreat from a chaotic or unstable environment. This principle reflects a strategy of avoiding unnecessary conflict by stepping away from turbulent situations that could hinder one’s peace of mind and productivity.
Relocating to a Different Place: If retreat from the world isn’t feasible, moving to a different location is the next step. This means seeking out environments where one can find solace and maintain their well-being, away from the disturbances of one’s current situation.
Avoiding Unpleasant Expressions: Beyond physical relocation, Confucius advises avoiding interactions with people who express negativity or hostility. This aspect emphasizes the importance of surrounding oneself with positive influences to maintain emotional and mental health.
Escaping Harsh Words: Finally, if none of the previous steps are possible, one should avoid listening to or engaging with harsh or damaging language. This teaches the value of protecting oneself from verbal negativity that can lead to unnecessary stress and conflict.
Historical Context and Relevance
Confucius’ guidance is not merely about physical retreat but also about mental and emotional resilience. The seven individuals he refers to—Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liu Xia Hui, and Shao Lian—are historical figures known for their exemplary conduct and strategic retreat from problematic circumstances.
Understanding this hierarchy of retreat provides valuable insights into managing personal and professional challenges. It highlights the importance of not only choosing the right environment but also maintaining a positive mindset and shielding oneself from negativity.
In today’s world, where conflicts and stressors are common, Confucius’ wisdom offers a timeless strategy for finding peace and balance. Whether through physical relocation, seeking positive environments, or protecting oneself from negative influences, these ancient teachings remain relevant in guiding individuals through life’s difficulties.
By embracing these principles, modern readers can find practical ways to apply Confucian wisdom to their own lives, ensuring that they navigate challenges with grace and resilience.