“Farewell to Yan Gong: A Tang Dynasty Poem”

Translation and Expanded Analysis

Poem Translation

Our parting today is final, and the green hills seem empty, filled with my lingering sadness. How long will it be before we drink together again? Just last night, we were walking under the moonlight side by side. The people of many districts sing songs of sorrow at your departure, for you served honorably through three reigns. Now, I return alone to my riverside village, living out my remaining days in solitude.

Expanded Analysis

Cultural and Historical Context

The poem “奉济驿重送严公四韵” (Farewell to Yan Gong at the Fengji Post, Four Rhymes) is a work by the renowned Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu. This poem reflects Du Fu’s deep sense of loss and his admiration for Yan Gong, a distinguished official who had served through three reigns of the Tang Dynasty. The poem is written in a melancholic tone, capturing both the personal and political dimensions of their farewell.

Imagery and Symbolism

The imagery in the poem paints a poignant picture of farewell and solitude. The “green hills” symbolize the enduring beauty of the landscape, contrasted with the poet’s inner emptiness and sadness. The hills, which once provided a backdrop to their companionship, now seem to reflect the poet’s loneliness.

The “moonlight” from the previous night serves as a symbol of shared moments and the transient nature of happiness. It contrasts sharply with the present separation, highlighting the emotional impact of their parting.

The “people of many districts” singing songs of sorrow reflect the high regard in which Yan Gong was held. His departure is not just a personal loss for Du Fu but a public one, as his service through “three reigns” signifies his significant contributions to the state. This respect from the people underscores the depth of Yan Gong’s impact.

The “riverside village” where Du Fu returns symbolizes his own retreat from the political and social turmoil. It represents a return to simplicity and solitude, contrasting with the grandeur of Yan Gong’s farewell and the poet’s own past experiences.

Themes

Parting and Loneliness: The central theme of the poem is the sorrow of parting and the loneliness that follows. The poem reflects Du Fu’s emotional struggle as he bids farewell to a respected friend and acknowledges the emptiness that accompanies his departure.

Respect and Honor: Yan Gong’s service through three reigns highlights his dedication and the respect he earned. The poem acknowledges his achievements and the public’s recognition of his contributions, emphasizing the theme of honor and respect.

Solitude and Reflection: Du Fu’s return to his riverside village signifies a period of solitude and reflection. This theme of retreat to a simpler life is a common motif in Du Fu’s poetry, reflecting his personal struggles and his philosophical outlook on life.

Historical and Literary Significance

Du Fu is celebrated for his ability to convey complex emotions and societal issues through his poetry. This poem, like many of his works, combines personal sentiment with broader social and historical contexts. The poem’s reflection on parting, respect, and solitude provides insights into the Tang Dynasty’s political and social landscape.

Yan Gong’s service through “three reigns” reflects the political stability and continuity of the Tang Dynasty, while the poet’s own experience of solitude contrasts with the public’s acknowledgment of Yan Gong’s achievements. This juxtaposition highlights the personal cost of political life and the emotional weight of public and private spheres.

Modern Relevance

The themes of parting, respect, and solitude in Du Fu’s poem continue to resonate with modern readers. The emotional depth and personal reflection in the poem offer timeless insights into the human experience of loss and the search for meaning in solitude.

For contemporary readers, the poem provides a perspective on the emotional complexities of farewell and the impact of political and social recognition on personal lives. Du Fu’s ability to capture these themes with sensitivity and clarity makes his poetry relevant and relatable across cultures and eras.

“奉济驿重送严公四韵” is a powerful expression of farewell and respect by Du Fu. Through its vivid imagery and exploration of themes related to parting, honor, and solitude, the poem captures the essence of Tang Dynasty poetry and provides valuable insights into the emotional and social landscape of the time.

Du Fu’s skillful portrayal of the poet’s personal grief and the public’s acknowledgment of Yan Gong’s contributions underscores the poem’s significance in classical Chinese literature. The poem’s exploration of timeless themes continues to offer meaningful reflections for modern readers, highlighting the enduring appeal of Du Fu’s work.

This succinctly captures the essence of the poem while incorporating key terms such as “farewell,” “Yan Gong,” and “Tang Dynasty poem,” making it suitable for attracting readers interested in classical Chinese literature and historical poetry.