The Legendary Origins of Liu Bang
Liu Bang, born in Pei County, Fengyi Village, was surnamed Liu. His mother once rested by the Great Marsh, where she dreamt of encountering a deity. Thunder and lightning filled the sky, and when Liu Bang’s father went to investigate, he saw a coiled dragon above. Soon after, Liu Bang was conceived and born. Liu Bang possessed a majestic appearance with striking features, a thick beard, and seventy-two moles on his left thigh. He was known for his kindness, generosity, and magnanimity, often neglecting domestic duties and work. As he matured, he served as the village head of Sipu, where he treated the court officials with familiarity and levity. He enjoyed wine and women, frequently drinking with friends until intoxicated, often resulting in supernatural occurrences observed by others. Liu Bang disregarded wealth, even on occasions when he appeared to bring wealth to the people.
He often visited Xianyang, where he observed the extravagance of the Qin emperor, sighing deeply, “Ah, this is how a great man should be!” A local figure, Lü Gong, impressed by Liu Bang’s governance, invited him into his home. Liu Bang’s informal demeanor and wit endeared him to Lü Gong, who treated him with great respect. Despite skepticism from others, Lü Gong promised his daughter, Lü Hou, in marriage to Liu Bang. However, this promise was initially opposed by Lü Hou’s mother, who questioned Lü Gong’s decision. She believed Liu Bang was unworthy of such a union. Nevertheless, Liu Bang married Lü Hou and settled with her and their children in the countryside.
During one instance, while tending to their fields, an elderly man passing by was invited to drink and rest by Lü Hou. Impressed by her generosity, the elderly man prophesied that she was destined for greatness. He then predicted the fortunes of their children, recognizing their potential. Liu Bang, arriving later, learned of the prophecy from Lü Hou and the elderly man. Grateful for the recognition, Liu Bang vowed to never forget the man’s kindness. As Liu Bang’s prestige grew, he eventually lost track of the elderly man’s whereabouts.
While serving as the village head, Liu Bang fashioned a crown out of bamboo leaves. Tasked with escorting convicts to Lishan County, many escaped along the way. Liu Bang declared that he too would flee with them if none were recaptured by the time they reached Fengxi Marsh. Surprisingly, over ten men volunteered to join Liu Bang on his journey. Despite being drunk, Liu Bang led the way, and when confronted by a giant snake blocking their path, Liu Bang boldly cut it in two with his sword. As the men continued their journey, they stumbled upon an elderly woman mourning beside the slain snake. When asked, she lamented that it was her son, transformed into a snake due to his actions, and now killed by Liu Bang. Disbelieving the woman’s story, the men prepared to harm her, but she vanished before their eyes. Recognizing the portent of the incident, Liu Bang felt emboldened and continued his journey with newfound determination, earning the respect and loyalty of his companions.
Inspired by his adventurous spirit, Liu Bang ventured to the southeast, claiming to possess the aura of a sovereign. This reputation prompted him to explore the east to challenge the existing order. Seeking refuge in the mountains of Mang and Dang, Liu Bang was often sought after by Lü Hou and her family. Lü Hou, upon realizing Liu Bang’s powers, explained that they were attracted to the aura surrounding him. Delighted by her affirmation, Liu Bang’s influence continued to grow among the youth of Pei County, many of whom sought to align themselves with him.
During the first year of Emperor Qin II, Chen She initiated the uprising in Qian. Upon reaching Chen, he declared himself King of Chu and dispatched Wu Chen, Zhang Er, and Chen Yu to capture Zhao territory. In August, Wu Chen proclaimed himself King of Zhao. Many counties killed their leaders in response to Chen’s appeal. In September, the Governor of Pei County sought to support the rebellion. Clerk and Chief Officer Xiao He, Cao Shen said, “The Lord is a Qin official, and now he wants to abandon him and lead the children of Pei. I’m afraid I won’t listen to you. I wish to invite Fan Kui to call for help. Fanyang is the head of the clan and is now offering advice to Cao Shen, saying, “Liu Ji is often seen as a great warrior and a great warrior.” Since they are not satisfied with the way they are treated by the government, they are willing to change their ways.