“Evolution of Historical Narratives

: The Transition from ‘太史公书’ to ‘史记'”

The evolution of historical narratives in ancient China, particularly the transition from “太史公书” (Records of the Grand Historian) to “史记” (Records of the Historian), represents a pivotal transformation in historiography during the Eastern Han Dynasty under Emperor Huan of Han. This shift not only denotes a change in title but also reflects broader shifts in how history was recorded and interpreted during that era.

The term “太史公书” originated from Sima Qian himself, the Grand Historian of the Western Han Dynasty, who authored what we now know as “Records of the Grand Historian.” Initially, this monumental work was referred to as such by many scholars and historians of the time, and it played a crucial role in shaping the historical understanding of early China.

However, it was during the Eastern Han Dynasty, specifically during the reign of Emperor Huan of Han (146-168 AD), that the title gradually evolved into “史记.” This transition is substantiated by various historical evidences, including inscriptions on ancient stone tablets and the scholarly interpretations of later historians such as Wang Sui and Yang Xiong.

The “武荣碑” (Wu Rong’s Stele), erected during the early Eastern Han Dynasty, provides crucial evidence in this regard. Inscribed with references to the “Records of the Historian,” this stele corroborates the use of the term “史记” during that period. Additionally, the “东海庙碑阴” (Donghai Temple Stele), dated to the first year of Emperor Huan of Han (159 AD), further supports the early adoption of the title “史记” in historical records.

Moreover, the writings of scholars like Yang Xiong and Wang Sui, as analyzed by later historians such as Chen Li and Li Gao, highlight the gradual acceptance and usage of “史记” as the standard title for Sima Qian’s monumental work. These scholars not only discussed the evolution of the title but also contributed significantly to the scholarly discourse on the historical significance of Sima Qian’s writings.

The significance of this transition lies not only in the semantic change from “太史公书” to “史记” but also in its implications for the study of Chinese history and literature. It marked a period of consolidation and standardization in historical writing, paving the way for later dynastic histories and biographical literature that followed in China’s rich literary tradition.

In conclusion, the transition from “太史公书” to “史记” represents a critical juncture in Chinese historiography, reflecting broader cultural and intellectual shifts during the Eastern Han Dynasty. This evolution not only underscores the enduring legacy of Sima Qian as a pioneering historian but also highlights the dynamic nature of historical narratives in ancient China.

This comprehensive exploration aims to shed light on the intricate processes involved in the evolution of historical texts, offering insights into the intellectual milieu of ancient China and its lasting impact on historical studies worldwide.