Reviving the Chu Dynasty: The Rise of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang
Chen Sheng, originally from Yangcheng, and Wu Guang, from Yangxia, were figures whose actions resonated deeply in the historical landscape of ancient China. Chen Sheng, initially a humble farmer, once expressed his discontent while working the fields: “If I were to attain wealth and power, I would not be forgotten.” His companion, Wu Guang, responded with skepticism: “If you remain a mere farmer, how could you achieve wealth and power?” This conversation marked a turning point in their lives.
In the first year of the reign of Qin Er Shi, they were conscripted to guard Yuyang due to severe weather conditions, leading to their failure to report on time, a capital offense. Facing imminent death, they pondered their options: whether to die as fugitives or to rise and challenge the oppressive regime. Chen Sheng voiced his grievances against the Qin dynasty: “The people have suffered under Qin’s rule for too long. I have heard that Er Shi is an illegitimate ruler, and it should be the rightful Prince Fu Su who leads.” Fu Su, known for his efforts to advise the emperor, was unjustly executed. Despite this, many believed in his virtue, unaware of his death.
Wu Guang, a respected figure among soldiers, proposed a daring plan: to deceive the masses by claiming to be Prince Fu Su and General Xiang Yan, rallying support from the people. They consulted a diviner, who interpreted favorable omens, affirming their destiny to succeed. Inspired by this guidance, they carved “Chen Sheng, King” on bamboo slips and concealed them in fish bellies, which were later discovered by chance.
In the dead of night, amidst flickering torches at a local shrine, Wu Guang proclaimed, “The rise of Great Chu, led by King Chen Sheng!” This supernatural endorsement left their followers awestruck. By dawn, rumors of their divine favor spread, and the soldiers, pointing fingers at Chen Sheng, confirmed their beliefs.
Wu Guang, known for his empathy towards common folk, had often expressed his desire to escape his fate as a soldier. Provoked by a drunken officer’s insults, he retaliated and killed him, sparking a chain reaction of defiance. Chen Sheng and his followers, facing certain death for their failed assignment, were determined to reclaim their dignity: “If we must die, let it be for a noble cause, not as condemned men.”
They cunningly claimed the identities of Prince Fu Su and General Xiang Yan, resonating with the people’s desire for change. Unarmed and united under the banner of Chu, they swore an oath at an improvised altar, honoring their fallen comrades by sacrificing the heads of their adversaries. Chen Sheng appointed himself as general and Wu Guang as his deputy, seizing control of Daze Township before advancing towards Qi County.
Their campaign gained momentum as they conquered cities and rallied reinforcements. With every victory, their legend grew. In Chen County, they assembled chariots, cavalry, and tens of thousands of soldiers. Encountering minimal resistance, they secured the city, where local officials either fled or were killed in battle. Encouraged by their advisors, they established a provisional government and proclaimed Chen Sheng as King Zhang Chu, signaling their intent to restore the glory of the Chu dynasty.
During this time, discontent with Qin’s rule was widespread among the provinces, leading to uprisings and reprisals against Qin officials. Chen Sheng’s forces, numbering in the thousands, overwhelmed local authorities in their quest for justice. Ge Ying, upon reaching Dongcheng, declared Xiang Qiang as the new King of Chu. Upon learning of Chen Sheng’s ascension, Ge Ying betrayed and killed Xiang Qiang, returning to Chen to deliver the news.
Back in Chen County, Chen Sheng executed Ge Ying, affirming his authority and expanding his influence into Wei territory. Wu Guang, meanwhile, laid siege to Xingyang, defended by Li You. Despite fierce resistance, Wu Guang’s forces were unable to capture Xingyang. Seeking support from the region’s elite, Chen Sheng appointed Cai Zhi as Chief Strategist, solidifying his hold over the rebellion.
This translation aims to capture the essence of the original text while making it accessible and engaging for an English-speaking audience interested in Chinese history and culture.