Confucius on Cultivating Virtue Through Learning and Rituals
6-27 The Tzu said, “A gentleman who is erudite in literature, and about (1) with propriety, can also be folio (2).”
[Commentary
(1) about: one interpretation of constraint; one interpretation of brief.
(2) shore: the same as “rebel”.
(3) Carry on: tone of voice, expressing a stronger exclamation.
[Translation
Confucius said, “A gentleman who extensively studies the ancient cultural texts and restrains himself with the rites can also refrain from departing from the scriptures.”
[Commentary
This chapter clearly explains Confucius’ educational purpose. He certainly did not advocate deviation from the scriptures, so how to do it? He believed that one should study the ancient texts extensively, and that one should use the “rites” to discipline oneself. In the final analysis, he wanted to cultivate gentlemen who knew the “rites”.
Confucius, the renowned Chinese philosopher, imparted many teachings that have deeply influenced Chinese culture and philosophy. One of his notable insights is encapsulated in the saying:
“君子博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫”
This can be translated as:
“A gentleman should extensively study ancient literature and use rituals to regulate himself, thus avoiding deviation from the path.”
Understanding Confucius’s Teaching
Confucius emphasized that a well-rounded education and adherence to traditional rituals are crucial for personal development. According to Confucius, a “gentleman”—or a person of high moral standing—should immerse themselves in learning from ancient texts. These texts, often filled with wisdom and historical lessons, provide a foundation for moral and ethical behavior.
However, mere acquisition of knowledge is not enough. Confucius stressed the importance of applying this knowledge in conjunction with “rituals” (礼, pronounced “li”) to regulate one’s behavior. In Confucian philosophy, rituals encompass a range of practices and customs that help maintain social harmony and personal discipline. These rituals are not just formalities but serve as a guide to proper conduct and ethical living.
The Role of Rituals in Personal Development
The concept of “li” (礼) is integral to understanding Confucian ethics. It refers to the proprieties and manners that guide human interactions and societal functions. By adhering to these rituals, individuals cultivate self-discipline and respect for others. Confucius believed that through such disciplined conduct, a person could remain true to moral principles and avoid straying from the righteous path.
This approach reflects Confucius’s broader educational goal: to nurture individuals who embody virtue and integrity. The emphasis on learning and rituals highlights his belief that education and ethical behavior are interconnected. It is not sufficient to possess knowledge alone; one must also embody the principles of that knowledge through actions and rituals.
Implications for Today
Confucius’s teachings offer valuable insights even in the modern context. In today’s fast-paced world, where information is abundant but often lacks depth, Confucius’s emphasis on comprehensive learning and ethical living remains relevant. His call for integrating knowledge with disciplined practices can guide individuals towards personal growth and societal contribution.
For instance, in the professional realm, acquiring skills and knowledge is crucial. However, how one applies these skills—guided by ethical standards and professional integrity—determines success and respect in one’s career. Confucius’s wisdom reminds us that personal and professional success is not just about what we know, but also about how we conduct ourselves.
Confucius’s teachings on learning and rituals reflect a profound understanding of personal development. By combining extensive study with disciplined behavior, one can aspire to live a life of virtue and purpose. This timeless wisdom continues to resonate, offering a roadmap for achieving both personal excellence and societal harmony.