Confucius’s Ambition: Reviving Zhou Tradition in Eastern States
Gongshan Fuyu (1) used Fei Pan to summon Zi You, who wanted to go. Zilu was displeased and said, “It’s useless to go to Gongshan’s house (2). Why should I go?” The Master said, “Whoever summons me is not doing so in vain (4). If there is anyone who can use me, I will be the ruler of the Eastern Zhou (5).”
[Notes] (1) Gongshan Furuo: a person’s name, also known as Gongshan Fushen, courtesy name Zixie, a vassal of the Ji clan. (2) Mo zhi ye yi: Mo, no. Zhi, to, to go. Mo zhi, nowhere to go. Yi, stop, forget it. (3) Zhi zhi ye: the first “zhi” is a particle, the second “zhi” is a verb, meaning to go. (4) Tu: in vain, without any basis. (5) Wǔ qí wéi dōng zhōu hū: to be the Eastern Zhou, to build an Eastern Zhou dynasty, to revive Zhou rites in the East.
[Translation] Gongshan Fuyao rebelled against the state of Fei and summoned Confucius. Zilu was unhappy and said, “If there is nowhere to go, then just forget it. Why must you go to Gongshan Fuyao?” Confucius said, “If he summons me, is it just an empty word? If someone uses me, I will revive Zhou rites in the east and build an Eastern Zhou.
In ancient China, Confucius’s quest for wisdom and leadership took him to various places and involved numerous encounters. One notable episode highlights his response to an invitation from Gongshan Furui, a rebel leader. This event sheds light on Confucius’s broader ambitions and his commitment to the principles of the Zhou dynasty.
The Context of the Invitation
Gongshan Furui, a subordinate of the Ji family, was leading a rebellion in the city of Fei. He extended an invitation to Confucius, hoping to leverage his wisdom and leadership. Confucius’s decision to consider this invitation sparked a conversation with his disciple, Zilu.
The Dialogue:
Zilu’s Reaction: Zilu expressed his discontent, questioning why Confucius should go to Gongshan Furui when there were other options available. He implied that attending to Gongshan Furui’s call seemed unnecessary and not the best use of Confucius’s time.
Confucius’s Response: Confucius countered Zilu’s concern by emphasizing the significance of the invitation. He explained that Gongshan Furui’s call was not merely a formality. Confucius saw an opportunity in this situation: if someone truly valued his expertise, it could mean a chance to revive and implement the principles of the Zhou dynasty in the eastern regions.
Confucius’s Vision for Eastern States
Confucius’s response reflects his deep commitment to the values of the Zhou dynasty and his vision for their application in the contemporary world. The Zhou dynasty, known for its moral and administrative principles, was a model of governance and social order that Confucius admired.
Key Points of Confucius’s Vision:
Reviving Zhou Traditions: Confucius’s ambition was to reintroduce the ethical and administrative standards of the Zhou dynasty, which he believed would bring about better governance and societal harmony.
Opportunity for Reform: The invitation from Gongshan Furui was seen as an opportunity to implement these principles in new territories. Confucius’s willingness to engage with Gongshan Furui was driven by the potential to effect meaningful reform and to establish a governance model reminiscent of the Zhou era.
Commitment to Principles: Confucius’s response highlights his dedication to his principles. He was not merely seeking personal gain or comfort but was motivated by a desire to see the values he cherished put into practice.
The Broader Implications
Confucius’s reaction to Gongshan Furui’s invitation underscores several important aspects of his philosophy:
Principle over Convenience: Confucius prioritized the application of his values over personal convenience. His willingness to travel to a rebellious state demonstrates his commitment to his ideals, even in challenging circumstances.
Leadership and Governance: Confucius’s ambition to revive Zhou traditions reflects his belief in the importance of ethical leadership and governance. He saw the potential to influence the political landscape and improve society through the application of these principles.
Historical Legacy: This episode also illustrates how Confucius viewed himself in the context of historical legacy. He aspired to be a transformative figure, akin to the ancient Zhou rulers, who could bring about positive change and continuity of values.