Embracing the Balance of Moderation: Understanding Confucian “Zhongyong” for Modern Life

6-29 The Tzu said, “The middle ground(1) is a virtue, and it is as good as it gets! The people are fresh for a long time.”

[Commentary

(1) in the middle: in, said no excesses and no shortcomings. Mediocre, usual.

[Translation

Confucius said, “Zhongyong, as a kind of morality, should be the highest! People have lacked this kind of morality for a long time.”

[Commentary

The middle ground is an important idea of Confucius and Confucianism, especially as a moral concept, which is especially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism. This is the only article in the Analects that mentions the term “the middle ground”. Mediocrity is a matter of evaluating moral behavior, which is also a kind of virtue, and it is the highest virtue. According to the Song Confucians, impartiality is called the middle, and ordinaryness is called mediocrity. Mediocrity is the impartiality of ordinary truth. Zhongyong is also understood as the Middle Way, which means not favoring either of the two opposing sides and keeping both sides in a state of equilibrium. Mediocrity is also known as the “middle line,” which means that one’s temperament, style, and virtues are not biased in favor of one side, and that the two opposing sides are mutually reinforcing and complementary to each other. Mediocrity is a kind of compromise and harmonization. Reconciliation and equilibrium is a state in the process of development of things, which is relative and temporary. Confucius revealed this state of things in the process of development and summarized it as “mediocrity”, which is a contribution in the history of ancient understanding. However, to speak of mediocrity and harmony in all circumstances is to deny the struggle and transformation of opposites, which should be clearly stated.

Confucius once said, “Moderation as a virtue is the highest! It has been rare among people for a long time.” This statement, though brief, encapsulates a profound principle central to Confucian thought and Chinese philosophy. To grasp its relevance today, let’s explore the essence of “Zhongyong” and its significance in both historical and contemporary contexts.

What is Zhongyong?

“Zhongyong” (中庸) is often translated as “The Doctrine of the Mean” or “The Golden Mean.” The term is derived from two Chinese characters: “Zhong” (中) meaning “middle” or “moderate,” and “Yong” (庸) meaning “ordinary” or “common.” Combined, Zhongyong signifies a state of balanced moderation, a key concept in Confucian ethics.

Confucius regarded Zhongyong as the pinnacle of moral virtue. In his view, it represents an ideal of living in harmony by avoiding extremes and maintaining a balanced approach in all aspects of life. This concept is crucial not only for personal conduct but also for fostering social harmony.

The Essence of Zhongyong

At its core, Zhongyong advocates for a balanced approach, avoiding both excess and deficiency. It suggests that virtues are best expressed through moderation. This means neither indulging in excessive behavior nor falling short in one’s duties. It is a guiding principle that encourages individuals to seek a middle path in their actions and thoughts.

In Confucian philosophy, Zhongyong is more than just a static principle; it is a dynamic and adaptable guideline. It involves a continuous process of adjustment and self-reflection to achieve equilibrium. By maintaining this balance, individuals can navigate the complexities of life with wisdom and poise.

Historical Context and Interpretation

Historically, Zhongyong has been a cornerstone of Confucian thought. It was first introduced in Confucius’s teachings and later elaborated upon by scholars such as Mencius and Xunzi. These scholars interpreted Zhongyong as a practical guide for ethical living, emphasizing its role in achieving social stability and personal growth.

The Song Dynasty philosophers further expanded on the concept, defining Zhongyong as a state of being where one’s actions are neither extreme nor arbitrary but are aligned with reason and propriety. They viewed it as a fundamental aspect of maintaining societal harmony and personal virtue.

Modern Relevance

In today’s fast-paced world, the principle of Zhongyong remains highly relevant. It encourages us to seek balance in our personal lives, professional endeavors, and interpersonal relationships. By applying the concept of moderation, we can better manage stress, make more thoughtful decisions, and build more harmonious relationships.

For instance, in the realm of work, Zhongyong suggests finding a balance between ambition and contentment. It advises against overworking and stresses the importance of maintaining personal well-being while striving for career goals. Similarly, in relationships, Zhongyong promotes understanding and compromise, helping to resolve conflicts and strengthen bonds.