The Power of Virtue: Why Confucius Valued Morality Over Eloquence

5-5 Or he said, “Yong (1) is also benevolent but not sycophantic (2).” The son said, “How do you use sycophancy? The imperialists give (3) by mouth, repeatedly hate people, and do not know their benevolence (4). How to use sycophancy?”

[Notes

(1) Yong: surname Ran name Yong, the word Zhong Gong, born in 522 BC, Confucius’s students.

(2) Sycophant: pronounced nìng, able to speak eloquently, eloquent.

(3) Mouth to: convenient speech, fast-talking.

(4) I don’t know his benevolence: it means it is not known whether a person with eloquence has benevolence or not.

[Translation

Someone said, “This man Ran Yong has benevolence but is not a good speaker.” Confucius said, “Why do you need to be eloquent? Relying on sharp teeth to debate with others, often incurring the dislike of others, such a person I do not know whether he achieves benevolence or not, but why do you need to be eloquent and eloquent?”

[Commentary

Confucius responded to some people’s comments on Ran Yong and gave his own views. He thought that it was enough for people to have benevolence and virtue, and there was no need to be eloquent and eloquent at all, which were opposites in Confucius’ conception. Those who are good at talking certainly do not have benevolence and virtue, while those who have benevolence and virtue need not be eloquent in argumentation. One must convince people with virtue, not with one’s mouth.

In the Analects, someone remarked, “Ran Yong is virtuous but not eloquent.” Confucius responded, “Why should one be eloquent? Using one’s sharp tongue to argue often leads to resentment. It’s unclear if such a person possesses virtue. Why should one be eloquent?”

Analysis

Confucius’s response highlights a fundamental aspect of his teaching: the supremacy of virtue over rhetorical skill. He suggests that eloquence can be a double-edged sword, often creating animosity and doubt about one’s true character. For Confucius, possessing virtue means being righteous, kind, and morally upright—qualities that speak for themselves without the need for persuasive speech.

The Cultural Context

In traditional Chinese culture, values like humility, sincerity, and moral integrity are highly esteemed. Confucius’s philosophy reflects these values, emphasizing that true leadership and respect are earned through virtuous actions rather than persuasive words. This perspective encourages people to focus on developing their moral character, which in turn fosters genuine respect and harmony in society.

Modern Implications

Confucius’s teachings remain relevant today, especially in our digital age where communication is instantaneous and often superficial. The emphasis on virtue over eloquence can be a valuable lesson in both personal and professional settings. In a world where social media often rewards the loudest voices, Confucius reminds us that true influence comes from living a life of integrity and moral excellence.

Applying Confucius’s Wisdom

Focus on Character Development: Cultivate qualities like honesty, kindness, and empathy. These traits will naturally command respect and admiration without the need for persuasive speech.

Practice Humility: Recognize that being right or winning an argument is less important than maintaining harmonious relationships and demonstrating virtue.

Lead by Example: In both personal and professional environments, let your actions reflect your values. Leading with integrity will inspire others more than eloquent speeches ever could.