The True Meaning of Filial Piety: Understanding Confucius’ Teachings

2·6 Meng Wubang (1) asked about filial piety. The Master said, “Parents only worry about their children’s illness (2).”

[Annotation]

(1) Meng Wubang: the son of Meng Yi Zi, whose name was Zhi. Wubang was his posthumous name.

(2) Parents only worry about their children’s illness: its, pronoun, refers to parents. Illness, disease.

Translation

Meng Wu Bo asked Confucius about filial piety. Confucius said: “To parents, you should especially worry about their illness. (This is considered filial piety.)”

Commentary

This chapter is Confucius’s answer to Meng Yi Zi’s son’s question about filial piety. There are three interpretations of what Confucius meant by parents worrying only about their children’s illnesses: 1. Parents love their children and do everything they can to protect them from illness. Children who understand their parents’ feelings and are careful in their daily lives are considered to be filial. 2. Children need only worry about their parents’ illnesses, but not about other things, to show their filial piety. 3. Children need only worry about their parents’ illnesses, but not about other things. This article adopts the third interpretation.

The Teaching of Confucius

In one of Confucius’ many discussions on filial piety, his student Meng Wubang asked him about the essence of this virtue. Confucius responded, “Parents only worry about their children’s illness.” This seemingly simple statement carries profound meaning and offers insights into the Confucian view of family relationships.

Who was Meng Wubang?

Meng Wubang, also known as Zhi, was the son of Meng Yi Zi, a notable figure during the time of Confucius. Meng Wubang’s posthumous name reflects the respect and honor given to him in Chinese tradition. His question to Confucius about filial piety underscores the importance of this virtue in Chinese culture.

Interpretations of the Teaching

Confucius’ statement has been interpreted in several ways, each shedding light on different aspects of filial piety.

First Interpretation: Parents’ Love and Protection

One interpretation suggests that parents’ primary concern is their children’s health and well-being. From this perspective, filial piety involves children understanding and appreciating their parents’ love and efforts to protect them from illness and harm. By being mindful of their actions and health, children can demonstrate their respect and gratitude.

Second Interpretation: Prioritizing Parents’ Health

Another interpretation focuses on the idea that children should prioritize their parents’ health and well-being above all else. This means that taking care of their parents during illness is the most important aspect of filial piety. It highlights the reciprocal nature of care within the family, where children repay their parents’ love by ensuring their health and comfort in old age.

Third Interpretation: Sole Concern for Parents’ Illness

The third and perhaps most straightforward interpretation is that children should worry solely about their parents’ illnesses. This perspective suggests that showing concern for their parents’ health is a sufficient demonstration of filial piety, without the need for grand gestures or constant worry about other aspects of their parents’ lives.

Cultural Relevance and Modern Application

Confucius’ teachings on filial piety remain relevant today, both in China and abroad. Understanding these teachings can bridge cultural gaps and enhance appreciation for family values across different societies.

Filial Piety in Chinese Culture

In Chinese culture, filial piety is more than just a virtue; it is a fundamental aspect of social harmony and family cohesion. It manifests in various ways, such as living with or near parents, providing financial support, and ensuring their health and well-being. These practices reflect the deep-rooted respect for elders and the family-centric values that have shaped Chinese society.

Filial Piety in American Culture

While the concept of filial piety might not be as explicitly emphasized in American culture, parallels can be drawn. Respect for elders, care for aging parents, and valuing family connections are important aspects of American life. By understanding the Confucian perspective, Americans can gain a deeper appreciation for the ways in which different cultures approach family and elder care.