Understanding Confucian Humility: The Importance of Asking Questions

3·16 The Master said, “In archery, the target is not the main thing; the strength of the archer is not the same. This is the ancient way.”

[Notes]

(1) Pi: the skin of an animal used as a target for archery.

(2) Ke: a rank.

[Translation]

Confucius said, “In archery competitions, it is not the penetration of the target that matters, because people have different strengths. This has been the case since ancient times.”

[Commentary]

“Shè” was a ritual often held by the aristocracy of the Zhou Dynasty and was part of Zhouli. The archery that Confucius is talking about here is just a metaphor, meaning that as long as you are willing to learn the rules of etiquette, no matter what level you learn, it is worth affirming.

Confucius, known for his profound knowledge of Zhou rites, visited the ancestral temple of Duke of Zhou. Upon his arrival, he began to ask questions about everything in the temple. This behavior puzzled some onlookers, leading one to remark, “Who says this person understands rites? When he arrived at the ancestral temple, he asked about everything.” Confucius, upon hearing this, responded, “This is what rites are like!”

Analysis of the Story

The story of Confucius at the ancestral temple is rich with meaning and provides valuable insights into his character and philosophy. Despite being well-versed in the Zhou rites, Confucius did not hesitate to ask questions. This behavior might seem contradictory at first—why would a master ask questions about something he already knows? The answer lies in Confucius’ embodiment of humility and respect.

Humility in the Pursuit of Knowledge

Confucius’ willingness to ask questions, even about subjects he was knowledgeable in, demonstrates his humility. He did not see himself as an infallible expert but as a perpetual student. This attitude is a cornerstone of Confucian philosophy, where the pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong endeavor. Confucius believed that asking questions and seeking clarification were not signs of ignorance but rather of a sincere desire to understand and respect the subject deeply.

The Importance of Rites

In Confucian thought, rites (or “li”) are more than just ceremonial practices; they are fundamental to social harmony and personal development. By asking questions about the rites in the ancestral temple, Confucius was showing his respect for these practices and his commitment to understanding them thoroughly. This behavior highlights the Confucian view that one should always seek to understand the underlying principles and values behind traditions and practices.

Modern Implications

The story of Confucius at the ancestral temple holds significant relevance for modern readers, especially in an era where asking questions can sometimes be seen as a sign of weakness or ignorance. In the context of education, business, and personal growth, embracing the Confucian attitude of humility and inquiry can lead to deeper understanding and more meaningful interactions.

Application in Western Contexts

For American audiences, the lesson from this Confucian story is clear: never stop asking questions. In a culture that often values assertiveness and expertise, the humility to acknowledge what we don’t know and the willingness to seek knowledge from others can be incredibly powerful. This approach can foster a more collaborative, respectful, and informed society.